New Zealand: The Court of Appeal has confirmed that the term 'batts' is not in common usage in New Zealand as part of a fight over whether Pink Batts' trademark of the word should be revoked.
Fletcher Building's unit Tasman Insulation makes Pink Batts and sued rival Knauf Insulation for trademark infringement because it used the words 'batt' and 'batts' on its Earthwool products and also on the earthwool.co.nz website. Tasman has owned the Batts trademark for insulation materials in New Zealand since 1973. The term 'batts' is not covered by trademark protection outside New Zealand and is used in Australia and the USA to describe pre-cut pieces of insulation material.
Knauf started exporting some of its Earthwool products to New Zealand in 2011 with packaging that used the words 'batt' and 'batts' in the installation instructions. In November 2011, Knauf applied to revoke Tasman's 'batts' trademark and in December 2015, Tasman started trademark infringement proceedings. Knauf claimed that Tasman's trademark registration was not valid because the word 'batts' had also become generic in New Zealand. To succeed, Knauf had to prove that 'batts' had become a common name in general use by New Zealanders and that this came about by Tasman's acts or omissions.
In his decision in May 2014, the High Court's Justice Brendan Brown did not believe it had. Even if he was wrong on this point, Justice Brown said, Knauf had fallen 'significantly short' of establishing that it was the acts and inactivity of Tasman that caused the trademark to become a common name in general use. The judge also made ruling claims from both sides that the other had breached the Fair Trading Act.
Parts of the case went to the Court of Appeal, which has now largely upheld Justice Brown's rulings. "Our analysis of the origins of the word 'batts' suggests that, at least in New Zealand, the word was not widely used or understood by the general public as a descriptive term and that it did not become a term in general public use until it began to be promoted by Tasman's predecessor after the trade mark was registered in 1973," said Justices Tony Randerson, Christine French and Mark Cooper. "Thereafter, in consequence of the marketing campaigns undertaken, the word 'batts' became strongly associated in the public mind with Tasman's Pink Batts insulation products. We conclude that the judge was correct to find that the term 'batts' had not become a common name in general public use."
The Court of Appeal confirmed that Knauf's use of the word 'batts' on the earthwool.co.nz website did not infringe Tasman's trademark. However, the three judges also found that Justice Brown was right to decide that the Earthwool brand and online marketing were misleading and deceptive. The trio differed with the High Court on one aspect; on whether Knauf's use of the word 'Batt' in the website's code infringed Tasman's trademark. It is understood this was at issue because the website showed in internet searches for 'batts.' While the High Court believed the use of the code did infringe the trademark, the three appeal judges said that this was wrong.
